What is the term for a structure or device that forms an integral part of a building?

The term for a structure or device that forms an integral part of a building is foundation. The foundation is crucial because it transfers the load of the building to the ground, providing stability and support. It serves as the base upon which the entire structure rests, making it essential for the overall integrity and safety of the building. Proper foundation design and construction are critical to handle various loads, including those from the building itself, environmental factors, and dynamic forces such as earthquakes or high winds.

When considering the other choices, elevation refers to the height or profile of a building, which does not constitute a physical structure. Framing, while also an important aspect of building construction, specifically refers to the skeletal structure that supports the walls and roof but is not considered a foundational element. Construction is a broad term encompassing the entire process of building, including planning, design, and execution, rather than a specific integral component. Thus, the foundation is accurately defined as the integral part of a building that supports and stabilizes the entire structure.